The history of the first settlers of the Jaen territory dates from 1000 to 1500 b.C. A proof of it is the human settlements found in the province, where the visitor can appreciate the pottery and archaeologic remains that are a sample of the architecture and art of this emerging culture. Those inhabitants were part of tribes who lived in presumable harmony, although the most renowned were the pakamuros (or bracamoros). The name of this tribe comes from the word "pukamoros" (puka = red, muro = pintado), a name given by the inca Huayna Capac, after being defeated by the bravery of this town of Amazonian roots. The name is also reference of the red paintings that the inhabitants made on their faces and chest when they went to war or to do a celebration.During the Spanish conquest, the autonomous development of this population was interrupted, ending with the colonization and foundation of the city of Jaen de Bracamoros, in 1549. During the war of Independence, Jaen supported the independence of Trujillo, proclaiming its own independence on June the 4th 1821, and being converted in the crib of the Peruvian patriotism. From 1855 Jaen is part of the Cajamarca department.