The history of Talara, a city in the Peruvian north keeps a strong relation with the oil industry of the first years of the 20th century, since at this time the city was known as the black gold capital due to the abundance of oil, a resource that -for centuries- was ignored because it was unknown its potential. The first sign of this resource in the area was a pitch well that was used by the old inhabitants of the region, the tallanes, with artisan purposes. In the colonial period, the lands that harbored secretely the wealth of this oil resource changed constantly of owner. With the passage of centuries, the family Lama were the last owners of that territory, who, once they knew about the oil boom out of the country, decided to negotiate the use and sale in some cases of the land with foreign companies. This way started a new period in the history of the northern Talara, since the oil did not bring only business owners to invest in the oil resourse, but also transformed the social configuration of the environment with the immigrations and camp settlements of people who arrived to work in the oil wells. Nevertheless, the social problems started because of the excessive exploitation to the workers, who, due to the abuses, rose up in strikes that with the passage of time, obtained a better labor situation in the oil industry of Talara.